Suchergebnisse

The Chinese central government has recognized that village&ndash ; government networks are promising for the sustainable development of rural villages. Though many local governments tend to deploy various hands-on or hand-off governance tools to influence the sustainable development of village-governance networks, the number of villages successfully achieving &ldquo ; good governance&rdquo ; is still rare. Therefore, this study empirically elaborates on the application of three classic tools of governance networks, analyzing how leaders of local government and village communities influence the effectiveness of these tools. The data were collected by snowball interviews, careful observations, and documentary analysis in Xiaonan village, a representatively successful case of rural-village governance networks in China. We detected that governance tools are often inadequately used and under-development in Chinese rural-village governance networks, accompanying a strong interaction between the effectiveness of tools and leadership. Excellent leadership is necessary for a successful rural-village governance network and its scaling-up.

A Negative Binomial Regression Model is used to investigate the sustainability of China–Mexico trade liberalization by testing the tariff lines underpinning Mexico's successful antidumping (AD) measures against Chinese imports from 1991 to 2011. Evidence shows import tariff cutting and consumption growth have a positive impact on consumer goods but a negative impact on intermediaries. This result implies that while the Mexican government has expended considerable energy on the trade liberalization of intermediate and capital goods, the domestic consumer goods market has been protected from Chinese imports. The empirical results indicate that Mexico's AD use for consumer goods helps to sustain trade liberalization of intermediate and capital goods under the domestic political pressures for trade opening.

Introduction -- Unpacking the geography of industrial upgrading -- The interaction between strategic coupling and industrial upgrading: a framework -- Industrial upgrading and evolutionary strategic coupling in the Pearl River Delta -- Captive coupling in the electronics industry: relocation, localization and local upgrading -- Local upgrading in the apparel industry: from captive coupling to cooperative coupling -- Reciprocal coupling and industrial upgrading in the automotive industry: the balance of interplay -- The Geographies of Industrial Upgrading.

Abstract
Since the open-up policy at the end of the 1970s, China – the largest single market in Asia – received growing attention from foreign investors and banks. However, the fragile domestic market and undeveloped financial system in China did not allow a rapid inflow of foreign banks, given that the foreign banks could exert suppression on the domestic banks. As a result, it took several years for most foreign banks to gain a foothold in mainland China. This article demonstrates how Commerzbank – one of the German Big Three – entered the Chinese market in the 1980s by establishing a branch in Hong Kong and opening a representative office in Beijing. On the basis of archival evidence and other contemporary sources, the case of China provides one slice of the history of Commerzbank's expansion and illustrates how it coped with the surge of internationalisation in the 1980s.

Abstract
The seven-character short poem [duan ge 短歌] is a distinct poetic form that originated in Han dynasty ballads and peaked during the Liang dynasty. It is closely related to the gexing 歌行 [song or song poem], a poetic form that also flourished during the Qi and Liang dynasties. The two forms differ in substance, with the former tending towards brevity and, the latter, length; however, they share fundamental principles of compositional method. At the start of the Tang dynasty, the seven-character short poem had not yet been eclipsed by the seven-character quatrain [jueju 絕句]; rather, it maintained its place among Early and High Tang poetic forms and continued to develop on its own terms. The "Ten Songs on Kayō [Kayō jūei 河陽十詠]" is a seven-character short poem sequence from the Heian period in Japan. Its formal elements are similar to those of the Chinese seven-character short poem, and it shares structural qualities with Qi-Liang style gexing composed by Heian poets. At the same, it also shares characteristics of the Heian topic poem. Its unique existence prompts us to look back to old poetic forms as precious source materials from which we may excavate long-overlooked stylistic phenomenon in poetry.

2017年9月召开的金砖国家领导人厦门峰会致力于进一步深化金砖合作与全球治理的联动关系,推动合作治理机制建设。与会各国倡导共同、综合、合作、可持续的合作治理观念,支持通过相互间对话、协商与和平的方式解决分歧;以宏观经济协调与结构性改革为基础,推进合作治理方式创新。作为金砖合作关键支持者与引领者,中国将金砖机制作为当代外交创新发展的重要路径,致力于协同改进全球治理态势,应对全球挑战、深化新兴国家合作、推进全球治理关系的机制化变革。 The BRICS Summit in Xiamen in September 2017 was committed to enhancing the role of the BRICS cooperation in global governance, and promoting the construction of cooperative mechanism on governance. The participating countries advocated common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. They supported the resolution of differences through mutual dialogue in a consultative and peaceful manner. They vowed to promote the innovation of cooperative governance based on macroeconomic coordination and structural reforms. As a key supporter and forerunner of the BRICS, China has made the BRICS mechanism an important path for contemporary diplomatic innovation and development. China is committed to improving the global trend of global governance in a collaborative way, addressing global challenges, deepening cooperation with emerging countries and promoting institutional changes in global governance.

PurposeThis study expands the isomorphic logic on the participatory guarantee system (PGS) alternative certification method, which aims to level the supply chain sustainability field to determine how the alignment of disadvantaged agrifood stakeholders (e.g. small/applicant farmers, local organizations, consumers and volunteer auditors) might neutralize the negative effects of stakeholder heterogeneity (SH) on PGS recognition.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprised 113 multilateral matching questionnaires collected from disadvantaged agrifood stakeholders participating in the PGS activities of the Green Conservation Label managed by Taiwan's Tse-Xin Organic Agriculture Foundation (TOAF). This study adopted hierarchical regression to test the hypotheses.FindingsStakeholder alignment, external community (EC) constructs, similar backgrounds (SBs) and value congruence (VC) diminish the negative effects of SH on PGS recognition.Social implicationsPGS is an agrifood supply chain social movement designed to allow underprivileged actors to enact solutions collectively to address social inequities and ecological problems through fair procedures, collective assignments and collaborative intentionality. PGS members who leverage VC, SB and EC will have a greater chance of successfully overcoming their institutional disadvantages.Originality/valueBased on the PGS activities initiated by disadvantaged agrifood stakeholders, this study transformed isomorphic logics, including coercive, mimetic and normative isomorphisms, into a mechanism with which individuals can build a governance structure that helps disadvantaged agrifood stakeholders develop alternative institutions by pooling their resources.

In recent years, urban communities in China have been continuously affected by extreme weather and emergencies, among which the rainstorm and waterlogging disasters pose a great threat to infrastructure and personnel safety. Chinese governments issue a series of waterlogging prevention and control policies, but the waterlogging prevention and mitigation of urban communities still needs to be optimized. The concept of "resilience" has unique advantages in the field of community disaster management, and building resilient communities can effectively make up for the limitations of the traditional top-down disaster management. Therefore, this paper focuses on the pre-disaster prevention and control of waterlogging in urban communities of China, following the idea of "concept analysis–influencing factor identification–evaluation indicators selection–impact mechanism analysis–resilience simulation prediction–empirical research–disaster adaptation strategy formulation". The structural equation model and BP neural network are used by investigating the existing anti-waterlogging capitals of the target community to predict the future waterlogging resilience. Based on this simulation prediction model, and combined with the incentive and restraint mechanisms, suggestions on corrective measures can be put forward before the occurrence of waterlogging.